Consultant

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NIH: An individual who provides professional advice or services for a fee, but normally not as an employee of the engaging party. In unusual situations, an individual may be both a consultant and an employee of the same party, receiving compensation for some services as a consultant and for other work as a salaried employee. To prevent apparent or actual conflicts of interest, recipients and consultants must establish written guidelines indicating the conditions of payment of consulting fees. Consultants also include firms that provide professional advice or services. (See NIH Grants Policy Statement:  7 Cost Considerations  7.9 Allowability of Costs/Activities  7.9.1 Selected Items of Cost  Consultant Services)

OSP: An individual or business whose expertise is required to perform work on a sponsored award.  Services are temporary, special, or highly technical.  A consultant may not serve as senior personnel (e.g., Co-Investigator, Principal Investigator).

Umich: A participant, either internal or external to the University, whose participation does not require a sub-account or sub-contract, and who is paid via a personal service agreement.

Rugters: A participant, either internal or external to the University, whose participation does not require a sub-account or sub-contract, and who is paid via a personal service agreement.

Utah: When a University employee is in a position to influence the conduct of a project for personal gain due to responsibilities or to arrangements with an outside entity.